Case Study · West Virginia · Glamping · USDA B&I
Glamping Resort Feasibility Study Near Oak Hill, West Virginia: 26 Units at New River Gorge on a USDA B&I Loan
Representative worked example. The site, sponsor and project are hypothetical. The market evidence is real, public and dated October 2026. This page shows how the market analysis is built and how it sets the loan. It is not a client engagement.
New River Gorge has the best demand story of any national park unit in the eastern outdoor market. Visits set a record in 2025 and are up nearly two-thirds since 2019. A lender looking at a glamping resort ten minutes from the park could easily stop there. This case does not, because the local short-term rental market shows the other half of the picture: listings are growing faster than visitors, and nightly rates are flat to falling.
At a glance
| Item | Finding |
|---|---|
| Subject | 26 units on about 30 acres in unincorporated Fayette County, WV, outside Oak Hill: 12 safari tents (May to October), 8 insulated domes with hot tubs, 6 four-season cabins with hot tubs |
| Program | USDA Business and Industry guaranteed loan |
| Park demand | 1,958,440 recreation visits in 2025, a record, up 8.09% |
| Local rental market | Oak Hill ADR $224 to $238; occupancy 39.6% to 53%; supply up 47.8% |
| Rates the study underwrites | Domes $255, cabins $235, safari tents $165 |
| Stabilized revenue | $797,481 |
| Stabilized net operating income | $254,514 |
| Total project cost | $4,440,088 ($170,773 per unit) |
| Coverage at 25% equity | 0.77x |
| B&I loan the market supports at 1.25x | $2,060,000 |
| Sponsor equity at that loan | $2,380,088 (53.6%) |
| Market conclusion | Demand is not the risk. Dilution and winter are. The market supports the product at local rates, not national glamping rates, and that sets the loan near 46% of cost. |
The market conclusion
Park demand has grown every year since redesignation, and the gap in local supply is real: purpose-built domes, safari tents and hot-tub cabins are thin within 25 miles, while the two big adventure resorts sell lodging as a companion to rafting and zip lines. That gap is the subject's opening. But per-unit rental revenue in Oak Hill is falling as new listings capture the growth, and the low season averages 28% occupancy. Underwritten at local rates, the resort earns $254,514 of net operating income. At the program's 25% equity tier that covers debt only 0.77 times. Sized to 1.25x, the market supports a $2.06 million B&I loan, and the sponsor carries just over half the cost.
Demand: a record park with a sharp seasonal curve
| Indicator | Figure | Period | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| New River Gorge recreation visits | 1,195,721 (2019); about 1.71 million (2023); about 1.81 million (2024); 1,958,440 (2025, a park record) | 2019 to 2025 | [1][2] |
| Average monthly visits | July 279,929; September 189,160; January 39,947 | 2023 to 2025 average | [3] |
| In-park overnight stays | 42,860 | 2025 | [4] |
| NPS visitor spending, three southern West Virginia units | $108.4 million on 2,080,330 visits | 2024 | [5] |
| Bridge Day | More than 120,000 spectators and about 400 BASE jumpers | October 18, 2025 | [6] |
| Gauley Season | September 11 through October 17 to 18, 2026; 22 scheduled release days; more than 60,000 visitors each fall | 2026 | [7][8] |
| Fayette County visitor spending | $99 million and 760 jobs | 2022 | [9] |
| West Virginia visitor spending | $6.8 billion from 78.4 million visitors | 2025 | [10] |
The park's July average is about seven times its January average. Autumn adds two peaks of its own: the Gauley release weekends and Bridge Day, which in 2026 fall on the same October weekend. That is why the resort carries safari tents only from May to October and puts its winter revenue on domes and cabins with private hot tubs. A county-level visitor-spending figure for 2025 circulates on aggregator sites but could not be confirmed on the state's own tables, so this case does not use it.
The rental market: deep, but softening per unit
| Market and source | Listings | Occupancy | ADR | RevPAR | Revenue per listing | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oak Hill, AirDNA | 126 | 53% | $224 | $28.4K | Aug 2025 to Jul 2026 [11] | |
| Oak Hill, AirROI | 99 | 39.6% | $238 | $92 | $26,339 | Supply up 47.8%, revenue down 8.6% [12] |
| Oak Hill, AirROI seasonality | Peak (Oct, Aug, Jun) 52.3%; low (Jan, Feb, Dec) 28.1% | Peak $250; low $208 | Best month 55.6% at $302 [12] | |||
| Fayetteville, AirDNA | 812 (up 201.9%) | 51% | $233 (down 11.8%) | $118 (down 6.8%) | $37.3K | The listing jump likely reflects a redrawn market boundary [13] |
| Beckley, AirDNA and AirROI | 56 and 31 | 61% and 41.5% | $115 and $134 | Lower-rate hotel market nearby [14] |
National glamping surveys put the average daily rate at $251 (2025 report) and $304 (2026 report), and the 2026 edition restated 2025 at $239 [15]. Those are operator surveys with self-selected respondents. Locally, the best-documented hot-tub cabin in Oak Hill lists from $289 a night, and the main adventure resort's hot-tub cabins start at $249. The study prices domes at $255 and cabins at $235, inside the local band, and treats the national figures as upside. Camping demand nationally supports the format: KOA counts 52.16 million camping households in 2025, glamping at 29% of camping, and 54% of campers planning to glamp in 2026 [16].
Competitive supply within 25 miles
| Property (location) | Units | Published 2026 rates | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| ACE Adventure Resort (Oak Hill) | 1,500 acres; cabin tents, cedar cabins, hot-tub cabins, log homes, bunkhouses, camping | Cabin tent $79 (no AC, shared baths); cedar cabin $179; hot-tub cabin $249; log homes $549 to $729 | Waterpark, rafting, restaurant [17] |
| Adventures on the Gorge (Lansing) | Operator profile: 103 cabins, 4 vacation homes, 10 RV sites, 4 new glamping tents | Room snapshots $127 to $375 | Three restaurants, rafting, zip lines [18] |
| The Outpost (Fayetteville) | Cabins, bunk cabins, RV hookups, tent platforms, vintage campers | Not published | Elevated cabins under construction [19] |
| New River Cabins and Tiny Houses (Fayetteville) | 8 cabins, 4 tiny houses | $119 to $161 | Tiny houses close for winter [20] |
| Oak Hill hot-tub cabin (Glamping Hub listing) | 1 cabin, sleeps 6 | From $289 | [21] |
| Dome resort, Alderson (outside the 25-mile ring) | 6 domes on 65 acres | Not published | Nearest dedicated dome product found [22] |
Supply is shaped like a barbell. At one end are large adventure campuses whose lodging supports activity sales, with entry rates from $79 to $249. At the other are hundreds of scattered whole-home rentals. Design-led glamping with domes, private hot tubs and safari tents is largely absent within 25 miles, and that is the subject's main argument. The main threat is that the adventure resorts, which already hold the land and the guests, add glamping themselves. One has already listed four new glamping tents.
What the market supports: the revenue build
| Unit type | Units | ADR | Occupancy | Occupied nights | Lodging revenue |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Insulated domes with hot tubs (year-round) | 8 | $255 | 45% | 1,314 | $335,070 |
| Four-season cabins with hot tubs | 6 | $235 | 45% | 986 | $231,592 |
| Safari tents (May to October, 184 nights) | 12 | $165 | 52% | 1,148 | $189,446 |
| Total lodging | 26 | 3,448 | $756,109 | ||
| Firewood, packages and other fees ($12 per occupied night) | $41,372 | ||||
| Total revenue | $797,481 |
Year-round units are underwritten at 45% annual occupancy, between AirROI's 39.6% and AirDNA's 53%, with the winter trough already inside that average. Tents are underwritten at 52% over their six-month season. Operating expenses total $542,966: payroll of $220,291 for a general manager, guest services, housekeeping and maintenance with a 20% burden; booking channels and card processing at 9% of lodging; utilities of $36,000; insurance of $40,000; property tax of $30,000 (a model assumption, since the county's total Class III levy was not found); and a 4% replacement reserve, set high because tent and dome covers wear quickly. Net operating income is $254,514, a 31.9% margin. The downside case cuts every rate 10% and occupancy 5 points, to $644,418 of revenue and $143,607 of net operating income. That mirrors the documented supply growth and Fayetteville's 11.8% ADR decline.
What the debt can carry
| Project cost | Amount |
|---|---|
| Land, about 30 acres (model assumption at about $7,500 per acre) | $225,000 |
| 12 safari tents, installed with en-suite bath, platform and furnishings | $505,560 |
| 8 insulated domes with hot tubs, installed | $840,000 |
| 6 four-season prefab cabins with hot tubs, set and connected | $795,240 |
| Welcome building and bathhouse, about 1,800 sq ft | $486,000 |
| Engineered wastewater system | $200,000 |
| Well and water distribution | $70,000 |
| Electric extension and distribution | $110,000 |
| Roads, pads and parking | $120,000 |
| Landscaping, fire pits, signage | $50,000 |
| Architecture and engineering, 6% of hard cost | $190,608 |
| Contingency, 10% of hard cost | $317,680 |
| Permits and plan reviews, survey, geotechnical | $40,000 |
| Feasibility study, appraisal, legal, title and closing | $60,000 |
| Pre-opening and working capital | $100,000 |
| Construction interest and USDA fees | $210,000 |
| Funded interest and operating reserve | $120,000 |
| Total | $4,440,088 |
| Structure | B&I loan | Annual debt service (8.75%, 25 years) | Coverage: study case | Coverage: downside |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Program equity tier of 25% | $3,330,066 | $328,535 | 0.77x | 0.44x |
| Sized to 1.25x on the study case | $2,060,000 | $203,234 | 1.25x | 0.71x |
At the 25% tier that 7 CFR 5001.105(d) sets for a new business with construction, the resort cannot cover its debt. Sized to the market, the loan is $2.06 million and the sponsor's equity is $2,380,088, or 53.6% of cost. The downside row shows why the funded reserve stays: a 10% rate cut on top of five lost occupancy points takes coverage to 0.71x. No outdoor-hospitality sale with a disclosed price per unit or cap rate was found in West Virginia, Virginia, Kentucky or Pennsylvania for 2023 to 2026, so collateral will rest on cost and income approaches, with tents and domes discounted as equipment.
Two levers move the answer. A smaller common building (the 1,800 sq ft welcome building and bathhouse is $486,000 of mostly non-revenue cost) and a packaged partnership with a rafting outfitter, which sells the October peak without competing with the adventure resorts' own lodging.
Conditions a lender should set before closing
- NPS monthly visitation for 2025 and 2026 pulled directly from the park's statistics system, current state traffic counts for I-64, I-77 and US 19, and a licensed 4- and 6-hour drive-time demographic study.
- A paid comparable set (AirDNA or Key Data) for hot-tub cabins and glamping units within 25 miles, by month, to settle the 13-point occupancy gap between vendors.
- A zoning officer's letter confirming the parcel's district under the county's Unified Development Code, and the status of the county's RV park regulations (Section 7001).
- Plan review under 64CSR18 at least 45 days before construction. The campground permit expires each June 30, is not transferable on a change of ownership, and caps density at 25 sites per acre with 1,200 sq ft per site [23]. A ruling from WV DEP on whether the wastewater design flow triggers a state permit.
- The county's 2026 Class III levy, utility tariffs and an insurance quote.
- A parcel-level result on the USDA Eligibility Map. Unincorporated Fayette County near Oak Hill is far from any city of 50,000 [24].
Questions sponsors ask about this market
How many people visit New River Gorge?
1,958,440 recreation visits in 2025, a record and up 8.09% on 2024. July averages about 280,000 visits and January about 40,000.
What do glamping units rent for near New River Gorge?
Local hot-tub cabins list from about $249 to $289 a night. Oak Hill's short-term rental market averages $224 to $238. National glamping surveys report $239 to $304, but those figures run above what the local market shows.
Is the area oversupplied?
Not with design-led glamping, which is thin within 25 miles. General short-term rental supply in Oak Hill grew 47.8% in a year while revenue per listing fell 8.6%, so new units are splitting the demand growth.
Planning a glamping resort in West Virginia?
Start with the market: local rates rather than national survey averages, the winter months, and the debt a realistic year will carry.
Request a methodology briefingData sources and dates
- West Virginia Explorer, "New River Gorge ranks among 20 most-visited national parks in North America," September 20, 2026. https://wvexplorer.com/new-river-gorge-visitation/
- National Park Service, 2025 visitation statistics release, March 13, 2026. https://www.nps.gov/orgs/1207/03-13-26-2025-visitation-statsitics.htm
- ParkCrowds, New River Gorge monthly data, 2023 to 2025. https://www.parkcrowds.app/parks/new-river-gorge/september
- Here and There data, New River Gorge visitation data (2025). https://data.hereandthere.club/national-park-visitation/new-river-gorge
- West Virginia Explorer, "Tourism surge in southern West Virginia yields more than $108 million," September 26, 2025. https://wvexplorer.com/2025/09/26/tourism-surge-2024-west-virginia/
- Office of the Governor of West Virginia, Bridge Day release, October 20, 2025. https://governor.wv.gov/article/governor-morrisey-congratulates-bridge-day-team-successful-event
- West Virginia Explorer, 2026 Gauley Season coverage. https://wvexplorer.com/
- West Virginia Public Broadcasting, Gauley Season coverage, 2026. https://wvpublic.org/
- Parkersburg News and Sentinel, "Leadership West Virginia: Tourism industry reaches for new heights in Fayetteville," June 2023. https://www.newsandsentinel.com/news/business/2023/06/leadership-west-virginia-tourism-industry-reaches-for-new-heights-in-fayetteville/
- WTAP, "West Virginia tourism economy reaches historic milestone," September 21, 2026. https://www.wtap.com/2026/09/21/west-virginia-tourism-economy-reaches-historic-milestone/
- AirDNA, Oak Hill, WV overview, modified August 5, 2026. https://www.airdna.co/vacation-rental-data/app/us/west-virginia/oak-hill/overview
- AirROI, Oak Hill, West Virginia market data, updated September 12, 2026. https://www.airroi.com/airbnb-data/united-states/west-virginia/oak-hill
- AirDNA, Fayetteville, WV overview, updated October 6, 2026. https://www.airdna.co/vacation-rental-data/app/us/west-virginia/fayetteville/overview
- AirDNA, Beckley, WV overview; AirROI, Beckley, West Virginia 2026. https://www.airroi.com/airbnb-data/united-states/west-virginia/beckley
- Modern Campground, "Glamping ADR Hits $251/Night," 2025; RVBusiness, "Glamping Rates Rise as Parks Expand Amenities, Experiences," October 1, 2026. https://rvbusiness.com/glamping-rates-rise-as-parks-expand-amenities-experiences/
- KOA, 2026 Camping and Outdoor Hospitality Report, April 14, 2026. https://koa.com/north-american-camping-report/
- ACE Adventure Resort, lodging pages, 2026. https://aceraft.com/lodging_product/cabin-tent/
- Adventures on the Gorge, operator LinkedIn profile; Tripadvisor lodging listing, 2026. https://www.tripadvisor.com/Hotel_Review-g59234-d1605444-Reviews-Adventures_on_the_Gorge_Lodging-Lansing_West_Virginia.html
- The Outpost, New River Gorge, 2026. https://outpostnrg.com/
- Hipcamp, glamping near Fayetteville, WV, accessed October 2026. https://www.hipcamp.com/en-US/d/united-states/west-virginia/fayetteville/camping/glamping
- Glamping Hub, cabin rental with hot tub in the New River Gorge region, 2026. https://glampinghub.com/unitedstatesofamerica/midatlantic/westvirginia/oakhill/cabin-rental-new-river-gorge-region-west-virginia/
- WV Glamping Domes. https://wvglampingdomes.com/
- WV Bureau for Public Health, 64CSR18 (effective August 12, 2013), via Boone County Health Department. https://www.boonecountyhealthdepartment.org/document_center_uploads/a6_64-CSR-18-General-Sanitation-Regulations.pdf
- USDA Rural Development, Business and Industry Loan Guarantees. https://www.rd.usda.gov/programs-services/business-programs/business-industry-loan-guarantees
- West Virginia Tax Division, Hotel Occupancy Tax; Fayette County Sheriff, monthly hotel/motel occupancy tax return. https://tax.wv.gov/Business/HotelOccupancyTax/Pages/HotelOccupancyTax.aspx